This thesis present the latest work realized on the absolute colds atoms gravimeter of the LNE-SYRTE. To measure g, this device, called CAG, realize an atomic interferometer with Raman pulses on a free falling atomic cloud of Rubidium 87. The accuracy of the CAG’s measurements are limited by the Raman beam, its phase and intensity profile. During the thesis, the apparatus was moved to the Observatoire de Paris to be upgraded, in order to reduce these effects and extending the limits of the CAG further.

After the restart of the device, which able us to reach similar sensibilities than previously at 20×10⁻⁹·g Hz^−1/2, the studies related to the Raman beam have been continued. The manuscript details this work, which guides to study the stability of the intensity of each Raman beam, as well as the impact of inhomogeneity in the intensity profile. This inhomogeneity has been proven to cause a light shift distribution within the atomic cloud, resulting in a loss of contrast. This phenomenon also cause a bias on the measurement of g, of the order of 5×10⁻⁹·g, which is not eliminated by the measurement algorithm, and should be taken into account into the uncertainty budget. We also present the first results of the optimal control of the Raman transitions. This experimental method aims to improve the efficiency of the transitions and, consequently, the contrast of the interferometer.

atomic interferometry, gravimeter, inertial sensor, colds atoms

Full document (FR) : TEL-05035515

ARRHENIUS K., BACQUART T., AARHAUG T., PERSIJN S., BÜKER O., VAN WORKUM D., BALDAN A., KAISER S., DUFOND M., NOUVELOT Q. and MAURY R., “Hydrogen sampling systems adapted to heavy-duty refuelling stations' current and future specifications – A review”, Energy Reports, 2024, 12, DOI: 10.1016/j.egyr.2024.09.032.

BATISTA E., SILVERIO V., ROMIEU K., ALVES E SOUSA J. and DAUGBJERG T.S., “Development of measurement procedures for volume and flow related quantities in microfluidic devices”, Measurement: Sensors, 2024, DOI: 10.1016/j.measen.2024.101551.

GUZZINI A., PELLEGRINI M., SACCANI C., DUDEK A., GAJEC M., KRÓL A., KULAGA P., GISLON P., CIGOLOTTI V., ROBINO M., ENESCU D., FERNICOLA V.C., SMORGON D., MAURY R., GAIARDO A., VALT M., POLAK D. and BISSIG H., “Hydrogen in natural gas grids: prospects and recommendations about gas flow meters”, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2024, 86, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.08.344.

KLAUS L., SCHWARDT M., PILGER C., CANU A., LARSONNIER F., WINTHER J.H., TRANCHANT N. and HAVRELAND A., “Linking Seismic Measurements to the International System of Units”, Pure and Applied Geophysics, 2024, DOI: 10.1007/s00024-024-03493-1.

MALCHER F., FORD B., BARHAM R., ROBINSON S., WARD J., WANG L., BRIDGES A., YACOOT A., CHEONG S., RODRIGUES D. and BARRERA-FIGUEROA S., “A calculable pistonphone for the absolute calibration of hydrophones in the frequency range from 0.5 Hz to 250 Hz”, Metrologia, 2024, 61, 2, DOI: 10.1088/1681-7575/ad2d5a.

NOVIANT S., VISSIÈRE A. and SILVESTRI Z., “Development of an optical force balance for low mass at LNE-CNAM”, Measurement: Sensors, 2024, DOI: 10.1016/j.measen.2024.101362.

WENDEL T., BUSULADŽIC D.I., WINDENBERGER C., MICKAN D.B. and HUU D.M.D., “Euramet RMO supplementary comparison low pressure air flow between 25m³/h and 400 m³/h”, Metrologia, 2024, 61, 1A, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/61/1A/07004.

WUETHRICH C., GUZMAN J.T., GERMAK A., KIM M., AVERLANT P., JIANG J., CHESNUTWOOD K., HAYASHI T. and RÖSKE D., “Report on the key comparison, CCM.F-K23 in force at 200 N and 500 N”, Metrologia, 2024, 61, 1A, DOI: 10.1088/0026-1394/61/1A/07010.

THOMAS M., BEAUDOUX F., DOUGDAG K. and ESPEL P., “Determination of the capacitance gradient of the LNE electrostatic balance: weighings and direct measurements”, 2024 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM), Denver, United States, 8-12 July 2024, DOI: 10.1109/CPEM61406.2024.10646030.

THOMAS M., ESPEL P., DOUGDAG K. and ZIANE D., “Improvement of the dynamic phase measurement noise of the LNE Kibble balance by the implementation of a linear motor”, 2024 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM), Denver, United States, 8-12 July 2024, DOI: 10.1109/CPEM61406.2024.10646001.

BATISTA E., SILVÉRIO V., ROMIEU K., ALVES E SOUSA J. and DAUGBJERG T.S., “Development of measurement procedures for volume and flow related quantities in microfluidic devices”, IMEKO 2024 - XXIV World Congress, Hamburg, Germany, 26-29 August 2024.

BISSIG H., WRIGHT J., ROMIEU K., BATISTA E., TSAI K.C. and DOIHARA R., “Comparison of primary standards for liquid flow in the range from 0.1 µL/min to 10 µL/min”, IMEKO 2024 - XXIV World Congress, Hamburg, Germany, 26-29 August 2024.

NOVIANT S., VISSIÈRE A. and SILVESTRI Z., “Development of an optical force balance for low mass at LNE-CNAM”, IMEKO 2024 - XXIV World Congress, Hamburg, Germany, 26-29 August 2024.

RAMALINGAM A., QU Z., NWABOH J., SATURNO J., NOWAK A., STRNAD R., STRNADOVÁ (ŠINDELÁROVÁ) L., KNAZOVICKÁ L., VOLDÁN M., PETERSEN J.C., CHRISTENSEN J.B., SARRAF C., AMER E., MOBERG A.R., ARRHÉN F., DURGUT Y., HAMARAT A., GUGOLE F., PANMAN M., DEKKER P., SEYMOUR A., HÖGSTRÖM R., LAKKA A., HÄMÄLÄINEN J., SILLANPÄÄ T., TABANDEH S., PEDERSEN T.D., CORDTS R., WARMING-JESPERSEN M.G., FATEEV A., CLAUSEN S., BRÆSTRUP F., BALLESTEROS M., KOSTEREVA A., JUDD R., HANSEN C., PIRKER G., POSCH S., SAUPERL I., EILTS P., ÖSTER A., HYVÖNEN J. and BLEUANUS S., “MaritimeMET: Metrology for green maritime shipping - Emission control through traceable measurements and machine learning approaches”, IMEKO 2024 - XXIV World Congress, Hamburg, Germany, 26-29 August 2024.

BOINEAU F., « Mesure du vide », Techniques de l'ingénieur Mesures physiques, 2024, base documentaire : TIP672WEB, ref. article : r2050, DOI: 10.51257/a-v4-r2050.

BOBOVNIK G., MICKAN B., SAMBOL P., MAURY R. et KUTIN J., "Investigation of the discharge coefficient in the laminar boundary layer regime of critical flow Venturi nozzles calibrated with different gases including hydrogen", Measurement, 2023, 217, DOI: 10.1016/j.measurement.2023.113134.

BOUDAOUD A.W., MCGRAW J.D., LOPEZ-LEON T. et OGHEARD F., "Traceability of the primary Nano-flow measurement System: Measuring the local inner diameter of a glass capillary", Measurement, 2023, 218, DOI: 10.1016/j.measurement.2023.113141.

FORSSEN C., SILANDER I., ZAKRISSON J., AMER E., SZABO D., BOCK T., KUSSIKE A., RUBIN T., MARI D., PASQUALIN S., SILVESTRI Z., BENTOUATI D., AXNER O. et ZELAN M., "Demonstration of a Transportable Fabry-Pérot Refractometer by a Ring-Type Comparison of Dead-Weight Pressure Balances at Four European National Metrology Institutes", Sensors, 2024 (published: 19 Dec. 2023), 24, 1, 7, DOI: 10.3390/s24010007.

GAMBETTE P., GAVIOSO R.M., RIPA M., PLIMMER M.D., SPARASCI F. et PITRE L., "Toward the realization of a primary low-pressure standard using a superconducting microwave resonator", Rev. Sci. Instrum., 2023, 94, DOI: 10.1063/5.0136857.

JOUSTEN K., BECHSTEIN S., BERNIEN M., BOINEAU F., BUNDALESKI N., ILLGEN C., JENNINGER B., SETINA J., SILVA R.A.S., STÖLTZEL A., TEODORO O.M.N.D. et WÜEST M., "Evaluation and metrological performance of a novel ionisation vacuum gauge suitable as reference standard", Measurement, 2023, 210, DOI: 10.1016/j.measurement.2023.112552.

RODRIGUES D. et VINCENT P., "Toward a unified formulation of the acoustic transfer admittance of cylindrical cavities for reciprocity calibration of microphones", Metrologia, 2023, 60, DOI 10.1088/1681-7575/ace3c4.

RODRIGUES D., SANDERMANN OLSEN E., LLAMAS O., DOBROWOLSKA D., DEFILIPPO SOARES Z.M., CHO W.H., HOF C., THOMAS C., DICKINSON L., YAMADA K., TAKAHASHI H., NEL R., HANES P., SADIKOGLU E., KOLESOV S. et GOLOVIN D., "Final report on the key comparison CCAUV.A-K6", Metrologia, 2023, 60, DOI: 10.1088/0026-1394/60/1A/09001.

STOCK M., CONCEIÇÃO P., FANG H., BIELSA F., KISS A., NIELSEN L., BEAUDOUX F., ESPEL P., THOMAS M., ZIANE D., BAUMANN H., EICHENBERGER A., MARTI K., BAI Y., HU M., LI Z., LU Y., PENG C., WANG J., WANG Y., WU D., ABBOTT P., HADDAD D., KUBARYCH Z., MULHERN E., NEWELL D., SCHLAMMINGER S., FUJITA K., INABA H., KANO H., KURAMOTO N., MIZUSHIMA S., OKUBO S., OTA Y., ZHANG L., DAVIDSON S., GREEN R.G., LIARD J.O., MURNAGHAN N.F., WOOD B.M., BORYS M., EPPERS D., KNOPF D., KUHN E., HÄMPKE M., MÜLLER M., NICOLAUS A., SCHOLZ F., SPOORS M. et AHMEDOV H., “Final report on the CCM key comparison of kilogram realizations CCM.M-K8.2021”, Metrologia, 2023, 60, 1A, DOI: 10.1088/0026-1394/60/1A/07003.

WINTHER J.H., BRUNS TH., SCHIAVI A., BILGIC E., PRASIL M., HYNEK S., SIEJDA Z., RUIZ S., CANU A., ALSUBAEY F.N., HOF C. et ANDERSSON H., "Final report on the EURAMET key comparison EURAMET AUV.V-K5", Metrologia, 2023, 60, 1A, DOI: 10.1088/0026-1394/60/1A/09002.

BOINEAU F., "Metrological characterisation of a commercially available gas pycnometer", 21^e congrès international de Métrologie (CIM 2023), Lyon, France, 7-10 mars 2023.

NOVIANT S., VISSIERE A. et SILVESTRI Z., "Innovative optical force balance based on the diamagnetism of pyrolythic graphite", 21^e congrès international de Métrologie (CIM 2023), Lyon, France, 7-10 mars 2023, Prix du meilleur poster du congrès.

DOUGDAG K., BEAUDOUX F. et THOMAS M., "Toward a milligram electrostatic force balance at LNE. First measurements with a milligram electrostatic force balance at LNE", 21^e congrès international de Métrologie (CIM 2023), France, Lyon, 7-10 mars 2023.

RODRIGUES, D., VINCENT, P., BARHAM, R. et LARSONNIER, F., "A laser pistonphone designed for absolute calibration of infrasound sensors from 10 mHz up to 20 Hz", EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienne, Autriche, 24-28 avril 2023, EGU23-7953, 2023, Procedings DOI: 10.5194/egusphere-egu23-7953

THOMAS M., ESPEL P. et ZIANE D., "Beam Horizontality Determination in the LNE Kibble Balance Experiment", 2023 Conference - Sensor and Measurement Science International (SMSI 2023), Allemagne, Nuremberg, 11 mai 2023, Proceedings DOI: 10.5162/SMSI2023/B7.3.

THOMAS M., BEAUDOUX F. et DOUGDAG K., "Monolithic Guiding Mechanism and Adjustment Devices for an Electrostatic Force Balance at LNE", 2023 Conference - Sensor and Measurement Science International (SMSI  2023), Allemagne, Nuremberg, 11 mai 2023, Proceedings DOI: 10.5162/SMSI2023/B7.2.

RODRIGUES D., "Recent advancements in the development of acoustic transfer admittance calculation of couplers in achieving primary measurement standards for sound pressure", CCAUV Workshop, 24 octobre 2023, Proceedings DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.11356.97923.

THOMAS M., "Balances de Kibble pour la réalisation du kilogramme : nouvelles perspectives pour les masses et grandeurs apparentées", Les séances thématiques de l’Académie des technologies - Le Système international d’unités (SI) version 2018 - Quels impacts et quelles perspectives ?, Paris, France, 25 octobre 2023.

The metrological traceability of liquid flow rate measurements is ensured by an uninterrupted chain of calibrations against national primary and transfer standards. However, for flow rates that fall below a few microliters per minute, traceability becomes difficult due to the lack of references at this scale. In this work, and as part of the ≪Metrology for Drug Delivery II≫ European joint research project, we developed a primary system for the measurement of low liquid flow rates based on the optical tracking of a liquid/air interface moving inside a glass capillary tube. A quantification of the physical phenomena occurring at the interface and an assessment of the different uncertainty components were carried out. In order to ensure the traceability of flow rate measurements, a camera calibration procedure has been established and a method for measuring the inner diameter of capillary tubes has been developed. The system allows the calibration of liquid flow generating and measurement devices such as drug delivery systems, flow sensors, pressure controllers and syringe pumps. These devices are used for e.g. medical and microfluidics applications. Our system also enables the study of flow rate fluctuations and thus, a complete characterization of flow generating devices. As part of the external validation of the system, CETIAT participated in an interlaboratory comparison which consists in the calibration of different flow meters and a flow generator, from 5 nL/min to 1500 nL/min, for both static and dynamic flows. The results of the comparison show a measurement-expanded relative uncertainty ranging from 12 % at 10 nL/min to 0.15 % at 1500 nl/min. These measurement and calibration capabilities (CMCs) were peer-reviewed and validated by BIPM’s (International Bureau of Weights and Measures) approval process. This validation represents international recognition of our system as the French national primary standard for liquid nano-flow rates.

interface tracking, nano-flow rate, primary standard

Full document (EN) : HAL-04187912

BATISTA E., ÁLVARES M., MARTINS R.F., OGHEARD F., GERŠL J. and GODINHO I., “Measurement of internal diameters of capillaries and glass syringes using gravimetric and optical methods for microflow applications”, Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik, 2022, 68, 1, DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2022-0033.

HÖGSTRÖM R., SAXHOLM S., ASPIALA M., HÄMÄLÄINEN J., SALMINEN J., SARRAF C., WYNANDS R., QUABIS S., DURGUT Y., JÖNSSON G., AMER E., LIVERTS M., SUNDARAPANDIAN S. and ADOLFSE C., “Guideline on the development of dynamic pressure standards covering the pressure range from 0.1 MPa to 400 MPa with response times in the range of μs to ms”, PTB-Mitteilungen, 2022, 132, 4, DOI: 10.7795/310.20220499.

MILLS C., BATISTA E., BISSIG H., OGHEARD F., BOUDAOUD A.W., BÜKER O., STOLT K., MORGAN J., KARTMANN S., THIEMANN K., MIOTTO G., NIEMANN A., KLEIN S., RATERING G. and LÖTTERS J., “Calibration methods for flow rates down to 5 nL/min and validation methodology”, Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik, 2022, 68, 1, DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2022-0049.

OTAL P., « Étalons de pression », Techniques de l’Ingénieur, 2022, R 2 060v3 - 2, DOI: 10.51257/a-v2-r2030.

OTAL P., « Hautes pressions - Domaine de 50 MPa à 2 GPa », Techniques de l’Ingénieur, 2022, R 2 060v3 - 2,  DOI:10.51257/a-v3-r2060.

RODRIGUES D., VINCENT P., BARAHM R., LARSONNIER F. and DURAND S., “A laser pistonphone designed for absolute calibration of infrasound sensors from 10 mHz up to 20 Hz”, Metrologia, 2022, 60, DOI: 10.1088/1681-7575/aca0f3.

BATISTA E., VAN HEEREN H., OGHEARD F., SILVERIO V., KAAL J. and VERPLANCK N., “Influence of Microfluidic Standards on Organs-on-Chips”, EUROoCS 2022, Grenoble, France, 4-5 July 2022.

OGHEARD F., « Sécuriser l'administration des Médicaments par la Mesure », Workshop MEDDII, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4CaBgN6oBQ, 15 September 2022.

BLANC B. and BEAUDOUX F., “Monte Carlo method applied to gravimetric leak calibration”, IMEKO 24th TC3, 14th TC5, 6th TC16 and 5th TC22 International Conference, Cavtat-Dubrovnik, Croatia, 11-13 October 2022.

BOINEAU F. and PLIMMER M.D., “A technique to improve low leak rate measurement with a constant-volume flowmeter”, IMEKO International Conference 2022, Cavtat-Dubrovnik, Croatia, DOI: 10.21014/tc16-2022.120, 11-13 October 2022.

REZKI A., Z SILVESTRI., WALLERAND J-P., GUIANVARC’H C. and HIMBERT M., “Low frequency acoustic pressure measurements based on Fabry-Perot refractometer”, Joint IMEKO TC3, T5, TC16 and TC22 International Conference, Cavtat-Dubrovnik, Croatia, DOI: 10.21014/tc16-2022.008, 11-13 October 2022.

RUBIN T., SILANDER I., FORSSEN C., ZAKRISSON J., AMER E., SZABO D., BOCK T., KUSSICKE A., GÜNZ C., MARI D., GAVIOSO R.M., PISANI M., MADONNA RIPA D., SILVESTRI Z., GAMBETTE P., BENTOUATI D., GARBEROGLIO G., LESIUK M., PRZYBYTEK M., JEZIORSKI B., SETINA J., ZELAN M. and AXNER O., “Quantum-based realizations of the pascal’ status and progress of the EMPIR-project: Quantumpascal”, Joint IMEKO TC3, T5, TC16 and TC22 International Conference, Cavtat-Dubrovnik, Croatia, DOI: 10.21014/tc16-2022.103, 11-13 October 2022.

BATISTA E. and al., " MFMET project - Establishing metrology standards in microfluidic devices", FLOMEKO 2022, Chóngqìng, China, 1-4 November 2022.

BOBOVNIK G., SAMBOL P., MAURY R. and KUTIN J., “Flow coefficients of critical flow venturi nozzles calibrated with hydrogen and other gases”,  FLOMEKO 2022, Chóngqìng, China, 1-4 November 2022.

DE HUU M.A. and MAURY R., “Design and calibration of critical flow Venturi nozzles for high-pressure hydrogen applications”, FLOMEKO 2022, Chóngqìng, China, 1-4 November 2022.

DE HUU M.A., MAURY R., MACDONALD M., RONNEBERG S. and WIENER A., “Key comparison of gravimetric standards for hydrogen refuelling stations”, FLOMEKO 2022, Chóngqìng, China, 1-4 November 2022.

MACDONALD M., GLEN N., DE HUU M.A., MAURY R., RONNEBERG S. and WIENER A., “Measurement uncertainty tool for HRS dispensers”, FLOMEKO 2022, Chóngqìng, China, 1-4 November 2022.

MAURY R., DE HUU M.A., MACDONALD M., VENSLOVAS E. and WIENER A., “Secondary standard for hydrogen refuelling station verification: Method and requirements”, FLOMEKO 2022, Chóngqìng, China, 1-4 November 2022.

SCHAKEL M.D., GUGOLE F., STANDIFORD D., J KUTIN., BOBOVNIK G., MOLE N., MAURY R., SCHUMANN D., KRAMER R., GUENZ C., BÖCKLER H.-B. and BÜKER O., “Establish traceability for liquefied hydrogen flow measurements”, FLOMEKO 2022, Chóngqìng, China, 1-4 November 2022.

GABRIELSON T.B., MERCHANT B.J., RODRIGUES D. and SMITH C.M., "Measurement of infrasound sensor self-noise", Abstract in The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 152, A164, DOI: 10.1121/10.0015896, 183^rd meeting of the Acoustical Society of America, 28 November 2022.

The work concerns the development of a novel absolute gas pressure standard in a range of 200 Pa to 20 kPa (0.002 atm to 0.2 atm). The method used, refractive index gas manometry, involves the determination of the refractive index of a pure noble gas (helium-4 or argon) using a microwave resonator. The refractive index is determined via the ratio of the resonant frequencies measured with the resonator under vacuum and under pressure at a constant temperature. Given the thermodynamic temperature of the gas and its refractive index, it is possible to calculate its pressure. This principle is the reciprocal of that used for refractive index gas thermometry (RIGT) in which thermodynamic temperature is extracted from the measured refractive index of gas at a known pressure. The frequency scanning pattern and fitting algorithms take advantage of earlier work in the laboratory on the determination of the Boltzmann constant prior to the 2019 redefinition of the kelvin, the SI unit of thermodynamic temperature. For Helium-4, measurements were made at 5.4 K using a quasi-spherical copper resonator coated on its inner surface with a 3 μm thick layer of superconducting niobium. Superconductivity improves the quality factor Q of the resonator and thereby the frequency resolution of the system. The pressure determination benefits from the very high accuracy of the dielectric and density virial coefficients of helium-4 obtained by ab initio calculations. Measurements on Argon were performed at a temperature of 90.4 K with an uncoated copper resonator. At this temperature, the apparatus is less demanding in terms of cryogenics than its helium counterpart and so easier to replicate.

ab initio calculation, pressure standard, metrology, manometry, thermometry, microwave cavity, superconductivity, refractive index, virial coefficient, helium, argon

PhD Thesis (EN) : https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03652344

JOUSTEN K., BERNIEN M., BOINEAU F., BUNDALESKI N., ILLGEN C., JENNINGER B., JÖNSSON G., ŠETINA J., TEODORO O.M.N.D. et VICAR M., "Electrons on a straight path: A novel ionisation vacuum gauge suitable as reference standard", Vacuum, 2021, 189, DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2021.110239.

LAMBERT M.A., MAURY R., LEHNASCH G., FOUCAULT E. et VALIERE J.-C., "Experimental investigations on cylindrical critical flow Venturi nozzles with roughness", Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, 2021, 81, DOI: 10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2021.102002.

LEGRAS J.-C. et OTAL P., "Hautes pressions - Domaine de 50 MPa à 2 GPa", Techniques de l'ingénieur, novembre 2021, R2060V2.

MACDONALD M., DE HUU M., MAURY R. et BÜKER O., “Calibration of hydrogen Coriolis flow meters using nitrogen and air and investigation of the influence of temperature on measurement accuracy”, Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, 2021, 79, DOI: 10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2021.101915.

PINOT P., SILVESTRI Z. et VISSIERE A., « Mesure de la puissance laser : Techniques de mesure basées sur la pression de radiation », Techniques de l’Ingénieur, Mesures - Analyses | Mesures mécaniques et dimensionnelles, R6739 V1, Janvier 2021.

SLUŠE J., MAURY R., OLSEN Å.A.F., GERŠL J. et KENBAR A., “Influence of upstream disturbances on performance of an LDV-based cryogenic flow meter standard - CFD modelling and preliminary measurements with air”, Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, 2021, 80, DOI: 10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2021.101991.

PACHINGER D., BERTAŠIENĖ A., CARÉ I., GERŠL J., HAACK S., DE HUU M., KAMPE J. et SPAZZINI P.G., "Guidelines on the Calibration of Solid Anemometers - Part 2: Thermal Anemometers", EURAMET Calibration Guide, No. 25, Version 1.0, 02/2021.

BATISTA E., MARTINS R., ALVARES M., OGHEARD F., GERŠL J. et GODINHO I., "Measurement of internal diameters using gravimetric and optical methods for microflow applications", 20^e congrès international de Métrologie (CIM 2021), France, Lyon, 7-9 septembre 2021.

BÖCKLER H.B., SCHMELTER S., BÜKER O., DE HUU M., R. MAURY et SCHAKEL M., "Metrology infrastructure for high-pressure gas and liquified hydrogen flows", 20^e congrès international de Métrologie (CIM 2021), France, Lyon, 7-9 septembre 2021.

BOINEAU F., JÖNSSON G., BERNIEN M., BUNDALESKI N., GRUBER A., ILLGEN C., JOUSTEN K., JENNINGER B., SCUDERI F., SILVA J., TEODORO O.M.N.D., TRÜTZSCHLER A., VICAR M. et WÜEST M., "Metrological performance of a novel ionisation vacuum gauge with respect to that of the commercial gauges commonly used as reference standards", 20^e congrès international de Métrologie (CIM 2021), France, Lyon, 7-9 septembre 2021.

BOUDAOUD A.W., "Development of primary system for the measurement of nano-flow rates of liquids",  20^e congrès international de Métrologie (CIM 2021), France, Lyon, 7-9 septembre 2021.

HÖGSTRÖM R., SAXHOLM S., FATEEV A., SUTTON G., JÖNSSON G., KOOPS R., NIEUWENKAMP G., SUNDARAPANDIAN S., LIVERTS M., SARRAF C., ADOLFSE C., QUABIS S., WYNANDS R., ÖSTER A. DURGUT et K., “Towards improved dynamic measurements of pressure and temperature”, 20^e congrès international de Métrologie (CIM 2021), France, Lyon, 7-9 septembre 2021.

OGHEARD F., "Development and validation of a dynamic primary standard for unsteady liquid flow calibration", 20^e congrès international de Métrologie (CIM 2021), France, Lyon, 7-9 septembre 2021.

OGHEARD F., BATISTA E., SILVERIO V., PECNIK C., BECKER H. ET GRAHAM E., "A new EURAMET EMPIR Project: establishing metrology standards in microfluidic devices", 20^e congrès international de Métrologie (CIM 2021), France, Lyon, 7-9 septembre 2021.

ALISIC S., GUTFELDT B., BEAUDOUX F., BEZJAK M., COENEGRACHTS M., DAVIDSON S., GRGIC G., HANRAHAN R., VAN GEEL J.L.W.A., KACMAZ S., MANGUTOVA-STOILKOVSKA B., MITEVA M., NAVROZIDIS G., P NEUVONEN.T., NIELSEN L., OJANEN-SALORANTA M., PANTIC D., PÄRN A., POPA G.F., SNOPKO L., SPOHR I., CONCEIÇÃO P., STOCK M., VÁMOSSY CS., WÜTHRICH C., ŽANDAROVA T., ZELENKA Z., ZUDA J. et ALQARNI S.M., “Final report on EURAMET comparison on 1 kg stainless steel mass standards”, Metrologia, 57, 2020, DOI: 10.1088/0026-1394/57/1A/07011

BOINEAU F., PLIMMER M.D. et MAHE E., “Volume calibration using a comparison method with a transfer leak flow rate”, ACTA IMEKO, December 2020, volume 9, number 5, DOI: 10.21014/acta_imeko.v9i5.997

BOINEAU F., ELKATMIS A., KANGI R., BECKER U. et JOUSTEN K., “Time stability characterization of quadrupole mass spectrometers”, Measurement, 165, 2020, DOI: 10.1016/j.measurement.2020.108143

BÜKER O., STOLT K., DE HUU M., MACDONALD M. et MAURY R., “Investigations on pressure dependence of Coriolis Mass Flow Meters used at Hydrogen Refueling Stations”, Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, 76, 2020, DOI: 10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2020.101815

DE HUU M., TSCHANNEN M., BISSIG H., STADELMANN P., BÜKER O., MACDONALD M., MAURY R, NEUVONEN P.T., PETTER H.T., RASMUSSEN K., “Design of gravimetric primary standards for field-testing of hydrogen refuelling stations”, Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, 2020, 73, DOI: 10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2020.101747

DUFLON C., AVERLANT P., "Development and metrological characterisation of the new LNE 500 N.m deaweight torque standard machine”, ACTA IMEKO, 2020, Vol 9, Number 5, 168-172, ISSN: 2221-870X.

JOUSTEN K., BOINEAU F., BUNDALESKI N., ILLGEN C., SETINA J., TEODORO O.M.N.D., VICAR M., WÜEST M., “A review on hot cathode ionisation gauges with focus on a suitable design for measurement accuracy and stability”, Vacuum, 2020, 179, DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2020.109545

MAURY R., AUCLERCQ C., DEVILLIERS C., DE HUU M., BÜKER O., MACDONALD M., "Hydrogen refuelling station calibration with a traceable gravimetric standard", Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, 74, 2020, DOI:10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2020.101743

OGHEARD F., CASSETTE P., BOUDAOUD A.W., "Development of an optical measurement method for “sampled” micro-volumes and nano-flow rates", Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, 73, DOI: 10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2020.101746

SARRAF Ch., "A method for assessing the uncertainty of a secondary dynamic pressure standard using shock tube", Meas. Sci. Technol., 2020, 32, 1, DOI: 10.1088/1361-6501/aba56a

SILVESTRI Z., BENTOUATI D., OTAL P., WALLERAND J.-P., “Towards an improved helium-based refractometer for pressure measurements”, ACTA IMEKO, December 2020, volume 9, number 5, DOI: 10.21014/acta_imeko.v9i5.989

VALENTA T. & al., "Final Report - Inter-comparison of calibration of a turbine gas meter G6500", EURAMET Project No. 1469, 2020.

MAURY R., “Cryogenic flow rate measurement with a Laser Doppler Velocimetry standard”, LNG metrology workshop, conference en ligne, 28 mai 2020.

ESPEL P., ZIANE D., BEAUDOUX F., DOUGDAG K. et THOMAS M., "LNE Kibble balance progress report: modifications for vacuum operation", CPEM 2020, conférence en ligne , DOI: 10.1109/CPEM49742.2020.9191832

OTAL P., " Métrologie des pressions : présentation ", Bivi Métrologie Afnor, 2020.

PIQUEMAL F., "Present and future mass standards for the LNE watt balance and the future dissemination of the mass unit in France", Metrologia, 53, 2016, 1139-1153, DOI:10.1088/0026-1394/53/4/1139

PINOT P., ESPEL P., LIU Y., THOMAS M., ZIANE D., PALACIOS-RESTREPO M.-A. et PIQUEMAL F., "Static phase improvements in the LNE watt balance", Review of Scientific Instruments, 87, 2016, DOI: 10.1063/1.4964293

THOMAS M., ESPEL P., ZIANE D., PIQUEMAL F., PINOT P., JUNCAR P., SILVESTRI Z., PLIMMER M., PEREIRA DOS SANTOS F., MERLET S. BEAUDOUX F., BENTOUATI D., BRUNET F., JEANJACQUOT P. et MADEC T., « Approche du LNE pour la réalisation et la mise en pratique du kilogramme dans sa nouvelle définition », Revue française de métrologie, 2017, 49-57, DOI: 10.1051/rfm/2016015

ESPEL P., THOMAS M., ZIANE D., PINOT P. et PIQUEMAL F., "Static Phase Improvements in the LNE watt balance", Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2016), Ottawa, Canada, , DOI: 10.1109/CPEM.2016.7540579, 10-15 juillet 2016.

THOMAS M., ZIANE D., PINOT P., KARCHER R., IMANALIEV A., PEREIRA DOS SANTOS F., MERLET S., PIQUEMAL F. et ESPEL P., "A determination of the Planck constant using the LNE Kibble balance in air", Metrologia, 54, 2017, DOI: 10.1088/1681-7575/aa7882

BEAUDOUX F., PINOT P., ESPEL P., THOMAS M., SILVESTRI Z., ZIANE D. et PIQUEMAL F., « Dissémination en France de l’unité de masse après sa redéfinition », RFQM, Nantes, France, 27 - 30 mars 2017.

THOMAS M., ZIANE D., PINOT P., PIQUEMAL F. et ESPEL P., "Planck constant determinations at LNE/CNAM", KBTM2017, Beijing, République populaire de Chine, octobre 2017.